Coffey and Muhm named US Military Auxiliaries

Bishop-elect Joseph Lawrence Coffey and Bishop-elect William James Muhm were named Auxiliary Bishops of United States of America, Military and titular bishops of Arsacal and Capsus, respectively.

“Ecclesia Dei” suppressed

The Pontifical Commission “Ecclesia Dei” was suppressed with its functions transferred to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Castellani retired, Giulietti named Lucca Archbishop

Archbishop Benvenuto Italo Castellani retired and Archbishop-designate Paolo Giulietti was named Archbishop of Lucca, Italy.

Archbishop-designate Giulietti had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Perugia-Città della Pieve.

Bertrand named Mende Bishop

Bishop-elect Benoît Bertrand was named Bishop of Mende, France.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop François Joseph Marie Jacolin, M.D.P. was named Bishop of Luçon in May 2018.

Ambroise retired, Pillai named Tuticorin Bishop

Bishop Yvon Ambroise retired and Bishop-elect Stephen Antony Pillai was named Bishop of Tuticorin, India.

Fasina retired, Adesina named Ijebu-Ode Bishop

Bishop Albert Ayinde Fasina retired and Bishop-elect Francis Obafemi Adesina was named Bishop of Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria.

Berzosa Martínez resigned as Ciudad Rodrigo Bishop

Bishop Cecilio Raúl Berzosa Martínez resigned as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo, Spain.

Salazar Gómez retired, Martínez Vargas named La Dorada-Guaduas Bishop

Bishop Oscar Aníbal Salazar Gómez retired and Bishop-elect Hency Martínez Vargas was named Bishop of La Dorada-Guaduas, Colombia.

Cavaco Carrilho retired, Brás da Silva Martins named Funchal Bishop

Bishop António José Cavaco Carrilho retired and Bishop Nuno Brás da Silva Martins was named Bishop of Funchal, Portugal.

Bishop Brás da Silva Martins had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Lisboa {Lisbon}.

Pinto named União da Vitória Bishop

Bishop-elect Walter Jorge Pinto was named Bishop of União da Vitória, Parana, Brazil.

The diocese had been vacant since the death of Bishop Agenor Girardi, M.S.C. in February 2018.

Vuillemin named Metz Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Jean-Pierre Vuillemin was named Auxiliary Bishop of Metz, France and titular bishop of Thérouanne.

Maceda named San Jose de Antique Bishop

Bishop-elect Marvyn A. Maceda was named Bishop of San Jose de Antique, Philippines.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Jose Romeo Juanito Orquejo Lazo was named Archbishop of Jaro in February 2018.

Dias retired as Port Blair Bishop

Bishop Aleixo das Neves Dias, S.F.X. retired as Bishop of Port Blair, India.

García Cuerva named Río Gallegos Bishop

Bishop Jorge Ignacio García Cuerva was named Bishop of Río Gallegos, Argentina.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Miguel Ángel D’Annibale was named Bishop of San Martín in June 2018.

Bishop García Cuerva had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Lomas de Zamora.

Ameyu Martin Mulla named Torit Bishop

Bishop-elect Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla was named Bishop of Torit, South Sudan.

The diocese had been vacant since the death of Bishop Akio Johnson Mutek in March 2013.

Kwofie named Accra Archbishop

Archbishop-designate John Bonaventure Kwofie, C.S.Sp. was named Archbishop of Accra, Ghana.

The archdiocese had been vacant since Archbishop Gabriel Charles Palmer-Buckle was named Archbishop of Cape Coast in May 2018.

Archbishop-designate Kwofie had been serving as Bishop of Sekondi-Takoradi.

Alarcon named Daet Bishop

Bishop-elect Rex Andrew C. Alarcon was named Bishop of Daet, Philippines.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Gilbert Armea Garcera was named Archbishop of Lipa in February 2017.

Mbeya elevated to Archdiocese, Mwasikwabhila Nyaisonga named Archbishop

The diocese of Mbeya, Tanzania was elevated to an Archdiocese.

It had been vacant since the death of Bishop Evaristo Marc Chengula, I.M.C. in November 2018.

Archbishop-designate Gervas John Mwasikwabhila Nyaisonga was named the first Archbishop. He had been serving as Bishop of Mpanda.

Guerrero Contreras named Barinas Bishop

Bishop Jesús Alfonso Guerrero Contreras, O.F.M. Cap. was named Bishop of Barinas, Venezuela.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop José Luis Azuaje Ayala was named Archbishop of Maracaibo in May 2018.

Bishop Guerrero Contreras had been serving as Bishop of Machiques.

Salazar resigned as Los Angeles Auxiliary

Bishop Alexander Salazar resigned as Auxiliary Bishop of Los Angeles, California, USA.

de Oliveira Soares Filho named Palmeira dos Índios Bishop

Bishop-elect Manoel de Oliveira Soares Filho was named Bishop of Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas, Brazil.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Dulcênio Fontes de Matos was named Bishop of Campina Grande, Paraiba in October 2017.

Martínez Álvarez retired, Aparecido Bergamasco named Corumbá Bishop

Bishop Segismundo Martínez Álvarez, S.D.B. retired and Bishop-elect João Aparecido Bergamasco, S.A.C. was named Bishop of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Llanos named Saint John’s-Basseterre Bishop

Bishop Robert Anthony Llanos was named Bishop of Saint John’s-Basseterre, Virgin Islands (British), Antilles.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Kenneth David Oswin Richards was named Archbishop of Kingston in Jamaica in April 2016.

Bishop Llanos had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.

Valentin named Versailles Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Bruno Valentin was named Auxiliary Bishop of Versailles, France and titular bishop of Vaison.

Joly named Rennes Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Alexandre Joly was named Auxiliary Bishop of Rennes (-Dol-Saint-Malo), France and titular bishop of Privata.

Gerber named Fulda Bishop

Bishop Michael Gerber was named Bishop of Fulda, Germany.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Heinz Josef Algermissen retired in June 2018.

Bishop Gerber had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Freiburg im Breisgau.

Braida Lorenzón named La Rioja Bishop

Bishop Dante Gustavo Braida Lorenzón was named Bishop of La Rioja, Argentina.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Marcelo Daniel Colombo was named Archbishop of Mendoza in May 2018.

Bishop Braida Lorenzón had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Mendoza.

Quintero Gómez named Armenia Bishop

Bishop-elect Carlos Arturo Quintero Gómez was named Bishop of Armenia, Colombia.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Pablo Emiro Salas Anteliz was named Archbishop of Barranquilla in November 2017.

de Oliveira named Apucarana Bishop

Bishop-elect Carlos José de Oliveira was named Bishop of Apucarana, Parana, Brazil.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Celso Antônio Marchiori was named Bishop of São José dos Pinhais in December 2017.

Desrochers named Alexandria-Cornwall Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Guy Desrochers, C.Ss.R. was named Auxiliary Bishop of Alexandria-Cornwall, Ontario, Canada and titular bishop of Melzi.

Campos do Nascimento named São João del Rei Bishop

Bishop José Eudes Campos do Nascimento was named Bishop of São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The diocese had been vacant since the death of Bishop Célio de Oliveira Goulart, O.F.M. in January 2018.

Bishop Campos do Nascimento had been serving as Bishop of Leopoldina.

Currie retired, Hundt named Saint John’s, Newfoundland Archbishop

Archbishop Martin William Currie retired and Archbishop-designate Peter Joseph Hundt was named Archbishop of Saint John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.

Archbishop-designate Hundt had been serving as Bishop of Corner Brook and Labrador.

Addagatla retired as Srikakulam Bishop

Bishop Innayya Chinna Addagatla retired as Bishop of Srikakulam, India.

Gallela resigned as Cuddapah Bishop

Bishop Prasad Gallela resigned as Bishop of Cuddapah, India.

Gabuza named Durban Coadjutor

Archbishop-designate Abel Gabuza was named Coadjutor Archbishop of Durban, South Africa.

He had been serving as Bishop of Kimberley.

Sinaga retired, Sipayung named Medan Archbishop

Archbishop Anicetus Bongsu Antonius Sinaga, O.F.M. Cap. retired and Archbishop-elect Kornelius Sipayung, O.F.M. Cap. was named Archbishop of Medan, Indonesia.

Toussaint named Jacmel Bishop

Bishop Glandas Marie Erick Toussaint was named Bishop of Jacmel, Haïti.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Launay Saturné was named Archbishop of Cap-Haïtien in July 2018.

Bishoip Toussaint had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Port-au-Prince.

Mhasi named Tunduru-Masasi Bishop

Bishop-elect Filbert Felician Mhasi was named Bishop of Tunduru-Masasi, Tanzania.

The diocese had been vacant since the death of Bishop Castor Paul Msemwa in October 2017.

Duffy named Clogher Bishop

Bishop-elect Lawrence Duffy was named Bishop of Clogher, Ireland.

The diocese had been vacant since the resignation of Bishop Liam Seán MacDaid in October 2016.

Ślusarczyk and Mastalski named Kraków Auxiliaries

Bishop-elect Franciszek Ślusarczyk and Bishop-elect Janusz Mastalski were named Auxiliary Bishops of Kraków {Cracow}, Poland and titular bishops of Cillium and Noba, respectively.

Gonsalves named Nagpur Archbishop

Archbishop-designate Elias Joseph Gonsalves was named Archbishop of Nagpur, India.

The archdiocese had been vacant since the death of Archbishop Abraham Viruthakulangara in April 2018.

Archbishop-designate Gonsalves had been serving as Bishop of Amravati.

Hearst and Moosonee united

The dioceses of Hearst and Moosonee were united to form the Diocese of Hearst-Moosonee, Ontario, Canada.

Bishop Robert Ovide Bourgon was named Bishop of the new diocese.

He had been serving as the Bishop of Hearst.

Hemrom named Dibrugarh Coadjutor

Bishop-elect Albert Hemrom was named Coadjutor Bishop of Dibrugarh, India.

Garcia named Monterey in California Bishop

Bishop Daniel Elias Garcia was named Bishop of Monterey in California, USA.

The diocese had been vacant since the death of Bishop Richard John Garcia in July 2018.

Bishop Daniel Garcia had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Austin, Texas.

Bacouni confirmed as Beirut and Jbeil Archbishop

Archbishop Georges Bacouni (Bakouny) was confirmed as Archbishop of Beirut and Jbeil {Bairut e Gibail} (Melkite Greek), Lebanon.

He had been serving as Archbishop of Akka [San Giovanni d’Acri; Tolemaide], Israel.

He replaces the retiring Archbishop Cyrille Salim Bustros, S.M.S.P..

El-Kassis named Pakistan Nuncio

Archbishop-elect Christophe Zakhia El-Kassis was named Apostolic Nuncio to Pakistan and titular archbishop of Rosella.

Wohlwend named Wettingen-Mehrerau Abbot

Vinzenz (Rudolf) Wohlwend, O. Cist. was named Abbot of Wettingen-Mehrerau, Austria.

Franzelli retired, Wanok named Lira Bishop

Bishop Giuseppe Franzelli, M.C.C.I. retired and Bishop Sanctus Lino Wanok was named Bishop of Lira, Uganda.

Bishop Wanok had been serving as Bishop of Nebbi.

Cabajar retired, Lunas named Pagadian Bishop

Bishop Emmanuel Treveno Cabajar, C.SS.R. retired and Bishop-elect Ronald I. Lunas was named Bishop of Pagadian, Philippines.

Moura retired, de Medeiros Silva succeeded as Montes Claros Archbishop

Archbishop José Alberto Moura, C.S.S. retired and Archbishop João Justino de Medeiros Silva succeded as Archbishop of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Archbishop de Medeiros Silva had been serving as Coadjutor Archbishop of the same archdiocese.

Ntihinyurwa retired, Kambanda named Kigali Archbishop

Archbishop Thaddée Ntihinyurwa retired and Archbishop-designate Antoine Kambanda was named Archbishop of Kigali, Rwanda.

Archbishop-designate Antoine Kambanda had been serving as Bishop of Kibungo.

Nguyên Văn Nhon retired, Vu Văn Thiên named Hà Nội Archbishop

Pierre Cardinal Nguyên Văn Nhon retired and Archbishop-designate Joseph Vu Văn Thiên was named Archbishop of Hà Nội, Viet Nam.

Archbishop-designate Vu Văn Thiên had been serving as Bishop of Hải Phòng.

Campos Salas named Sierra Leone Nuncio

Archbishop Dagoberto Campos Salas was named Apostolic Nuncio to Sierra Leone in addition to his other posts.

Ortega Trinidad resigned, Quispe López named Juli Prelate

Bishop José María Ortega Trinidad resigned and Ciro Quispe López was named Prelate of Juli, Peru.

Okoth retired, Anyolo named Kisumu Archbishop

Archbishop Zacchaeus Okoth retired and Archbishop-designate Philip Arnold Subira Anyolo was named Archbishop of Kisumu, Kenya.

Archbishop-designate Anyolo had been serving as Bishop of Homa Bay.

Antonio named Ilagan Bishop

Bishop David William Valencia Antonio was named Bishop of Ilagan, Philippines.

The diocese had been vacant since the resignation of Bishop Joseph Amangi Nacua, O.F.M. Cap. in February 2017.

Bishop Antonio had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Nueva Segovia.

Juanich resigned as Taytay Vicar Apostolic

Bishop Edgardo Sarabia Juanich resigned as Vicar Apostolic of Taytay, Philippines.

dos Reis Silveira named Teófilo Otoni Bishop

Bishop Messias dos Reis Silveira was named Bishop of Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Aloísio Jorge Pena Vitral was named Bishop of Sete Lagoas in September 2017.

Bishop dos Reis Silveira had been serving as Bishop of Uruaçu (Uruassu), Goias.

Gallardo Martín del Campo retired, Briseño Arch named Veracruz Bishop

Bishop Luis Felipe Gallardo Martín del Campo, S.D.B. retired and Bishop Carlos Briseño Arch, O.A.R. was named Bishop of Veracruz, México.

Bishop Briseño Arch had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of México, Federal District.

Nannini named San Miguel Bishop

Bishop-elect Damián Gustavo Nannini was named Bishop of San Miguel, Argentina.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Sergio Alfredo Fenoy was named Archbishop of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz in April 2018.

Mancilha Vilela retired, Campos named Vitória Archbishop

Archbishop Luiz Mancilha Vilela, SS.CC. retired and Archbishop-designate Dario Campos, O.F.M. was named Archbishop of Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil.

Archbishop-designate Campos had been serving as Bishop of Cachoeiro do Itapemirim.

Solórzano Rojas named Trujillo Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Timoteo Solórzano Rojas, M.S.C. was named Auxiliary Bishop of Trujillo, Peru and titular bishop of Dumium.

Quevedo retired, Lampon named Cotabato Archbishop

Orlando Beltran Cardinal Quevedo, O.M.I. retired and Archbishop-designate Angelito Rendon Lampon, O.M.I. was named Archbishop of Cotabato, Philippines.

Archbishop-designate Lampon had been serving as Vicar Apostolic of Jolo.

García Burillo retired, Gil Tamayo named Ávila Bishop

Bishop Jesús García Burillo retired and Bishop-elect José María Gil Tamayo was named Bishop of Ávila, Spain.

Moscone named Manfredonia-Vieste-San Giovanni Rotondo Archbishop

Archbishop-elect Franco Moscone, C.R.S. was named Archbishop of Manfredonia-Vieste-San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.

The archdiocese had been vacant since the death of Archbishop Michele Castoro in May 2018.

Elliott retired as Melbourne Auxiliary

Bishop Peter John Elliott retired as Auxiliary Bishop of Melbourne, Australia.

Monsengwo Pasinya retired, Ambongo Besungu succeeded as Kinshasa Archbishop

Laurent Cardinal Monsengwo Pasinya retired and Archbishop Fridolin Ambongo Besungu, O.F.M. Cap. succeeded as Archbishop of Kinshasa, Congo (Dem. Rep.).

Orozco Mengibar named Guadix Bishop

Bishop-elect Francisco Jesús Orozco Mengibar was named Bishop of Guadix, Spain.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Ginés Ramón García Beltrán was named Bishop of Getafe in January 2018.

Mellino named Titular Bishop

Bishop-elect Marco Mellino was named Titular Bishop of Cresima.

Sousa Valério named Portugal, Military Bishop

Bishop-elect Rui Manuel Sousa Valério, S.M.M. was named Bishop of Portugal, Military.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Manuel da Silva Rodrigues Linda was named Bishop of Porto in March 2018.

Bessa Taipa retired, Esteves Domingues named Porto Auxiliary

Bishop António Maria Bessa Taipa retired and Bishop-elect Armando Esteves Domingues was named Auxiliary Bishop of Porto, Portugal and titular bishop of Centenaria.

Caride named San Isidro Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Guillermo Caride was named Auxiliary Bishop of San Isidro, Argentina and titular bishop of Iomnium.

Holley removed as Memphis Bishop

Bishop Martin David Holley was removed as Bishop of Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Calzada Guerrero named Tehuacán Bishop

Bishop Gonzalo Alonso Calzada Guerrero was named Bishop of Tehuacán, Puebla, México.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Rodrigo Aguilar Martínez was named Bishop of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas in November 2017.

Bishop Calzada Guerrero has been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca.

Maggi resigned as Ibarra Bishop

Bishop Valter Dario Maggi resigned as Bishop of Ibarra, Ecuador.

Batalha Henriques named Lisboa Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Daniel Batalha Henriques was named Auxiliary Bishop of Lisboa {Lisbon}, Portugal and titular bishop of Aquae Thibilitanae.

Wuerl retired as Washington, D.C. Archbishop

Donald William Cardinal Wuerl retired as Archbishop of Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Smeets named Roermond Bishop

Bishop-elect Hendrikus Marie Gerardus Smeets was named Bishop of Roermond, Netherlands.

The diocese had been vacant since the retirement of Bishop Franciscus Jozef Maria Wiertz in December 2017.

Sebastián Martínez named Sarh Bishop

Bishop Miguel Ángel Sebastián Martínez, M.C.C.I. was named Bishop of Sarh, Chad.

The diocese had been vacant since then-Bishop Goetbé Edmond Djitangar was named Archbishop of N’Djaména in August 2016.

Bishop Sebastián Martínez had been serving as Bishop of Lai.

Da Silva resigned as Catanduva Bishop

Bishop Otacílio Luziano Da Silva resigned as Bishop of Catanduva, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Blouin retired, Menezes named Lae Bishop

Bishop Christian Conrad Blouin, C.M.M. retired and Bishop-elect Rozario Menezes, S.M.M. was named Bishop of Lae, Papua New Guinea.

Torres Asanza named Guaranda Bishop

Bishop Hermenegildo José Torres Asanza was named Bishop of Guaranda, Ecuador.

The diocese had been vacant since Bishop Skiper Bladimir Yáñez Calvachi was named Bishop of Babahoyo in March 2018.

Bishop Torres Asanza has been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Machala.

Mohos named Esztergom-Budapest Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Gábor Mohos was named Auxiliary Bishop of Esztergom-Budapest, Hungary and titular bishop of Iliturgi.

de Queirós Alves retired, Zeca Martins named Huambo Archbishop

Archbishop José de Queirós Alves, C.SS.R. retired and Archbishop-designate Zeferino Zeca Martins, S.V.D. was named Archbishop of Huambo, Angola.

Archbishop-designate Zeca Martins had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Luanda.

Montemayor named Colombia Nuncio

Archbishop Luis Mariano Montemayor was nmaed Apostolic Nuncio to Colombia.

The post had been vacant since Archbishop Ettore Balestrero was named Administrator to Congo, Democratic Republic of.

Archbishop Montemayor had been serving as Apostolic Nuncio to Congo, Democratic Republic of.

Dalbosco named Bagé Bishop

Bishop-elect Cleonir Paulo Dalbosco, O.F.M. Cap. was named Bishop of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

The diocese had been vacant since the resignation of Bishop Gílio Felício in June 2018.

Benavente Mateos retired, Fernández Collado named Albacete Bishop

Bishop Ciriaco Benavente Mateos retired and Bishop Ángel Fernández Collado was named Bishop of Albacete, Spain.

Bishop Fernández Collado had been serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo.

Pellegrín Barrera resigned as San Bartolomé de Chillán Bishop

Bishop Carlos Eduardo Pellegrín Barrera, S.V.D. resigned as Bishop of San Bartolomé de Chillán, Chile.

Contreras Molina resigned as San Felipe Bishop

Bishop Cristián Enrique Contreras Molina, O. de M. resigned as Bishop of San Felipe, Chile.

Balvo named Czech Republic Nuncio

Archbishop Charles Daniel Balvo was named Apostolic Nuncio to Czech Republic.

He had been serving as Apostolic Nuncio to Kenya and Apostolic Nuncio to South Sudan.

Lima Soares named Carolina Bishop

Bishop-elect Francisco Lima Soares was named Bishop of Carolina, Maranhão, Brazil.

The diocese had been vacant since the resignation of Bishop José Soares Filho, O.F.M. Cap. in July 2017.

Pontelo retired, Giovenale named Cruzeiro do Sul Bishop

Bishop Mosé João Pontelo, C.S.Sp. retired and Bishop Flávio Giovenale, S.D.B. was named Bishop of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil.

Bishop Giovenale had been serving as Bishop of Santarém, Para.

Betancourt named Hartford Auxiliary

Bishop-elect Juan Miguel Betancourt, S.E.M.V. named Auxiliary Bishop of Hartford, Connecticut, USA and titular bishop of Cursola.

Lipovšek retired as Celje Bishop

Bishop Stanislav Lipovšek retired as Bishop of Celje, Slovenia.

Delgado Silva resigned as Cabimas Bishop

Bishop William Enrique Delgado Silva resigned as Bishop of Cabimas, Venezuela.

Voltolini Esti resigned as Portoviejo Archbishop

Archbishop Lorenzo Voltolini Esti resigned as Archbishop of Portoviejo, Ecuador.

Bransfield retired as Wheeling-Charleston Bishop

Bishop Michael Joseph Bransfield retired as Bishop of Wheeling-Charleston, West Virginia, USA.

Archbishop William Edward Lori, Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland, was named Apostolic Administrator.

Ribeiro resigned as Formosa Bishop

Bishop José Ronaldo Ribeiro resigned as Bishop of Formosa, Goias, Brazil.

Archbishop Paulo Mendes Peixoto, Archbishop of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, remains Apostolic Administrator.

Nwachukwu named Belize Nuncio

Archbishop Fortunatus Nwachukwu was named Apostolic Nuncio to Belize, Antilles in addition to his other posts.

Prizren elevated to Diocese; Gjergji as Bishop

The Apostolic Administration of Prizren was elevated to the Diocese of Prizren-Prishtina, Serbia.

Bishop Dodë Gjergji was named its Bishop.

He had been serving as Apostolic Administrator of the same jurisdiction.